Full Container Load (FCL)
A full container load (FCL) shipment, which is typically 20 or 40 feet in size, is utilized when a shipper bears the cost of the entire container. It is used exclusively for a single shipment — even if the shipper does not have enough goods to fill it up.
FCL becomes more cost-effective for larger shipments as it involves fewer handling operations compared to LCL. This results in quicker loading and unloading processes, expediting the overall transit time. Additionally, FCL offers a flat rate, where consolidating shipments into a single FCL container can be more economical than paying for space in multiple LCL shipments. Therefore, FCL is generally preferred when the shipment volume exceeds 13 cubic meters, as it is cheaper than Less-than-Container Load (LCL) options.
The reduced handling also translates to fewer opportunities for misplacement or theft of goods during the journey. In contrast to LCL, where goods are often transferred between multiple warehouses for consolidation and deconsolidation, FCL shipments are typically sealed after loading and remain intact until they reach their destination. With FCL, goods are not mixed with those of other shippers, and its exclusivity minimizes the risk of damage or contamination from other cargo.
FCL is particularly suited for manufacturers or retailers that ship large quantities of goods regularly. For example, a toy manufacturer may only have enough inventory to fill a 40-foot container during the festive season when demand is high. To ensure their toys are available all year round, they need to consider a combination of FCL and LCL shipping options to deliver to multiple destinations.
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