Array
(
[derick] => Array
(
[[]] =>
[https://www.dhl.com/discover/ship-now?utm_source=Logistics%20of%20Things&utm_medium=web&utm_campaign=Ship%20Now] => https://www.dhl.com/discover/ship-now?utm_source=Logistics%20of%20Things&utm_medium=web&utm_campaign=Ship%20Now
[E-commerce surge and rise of millennials will drive more investments in logistics] => 電子商務激增和千禧世代的崛起將帶來更多的物流投資
[E-commerce’s trajectory will continue to rise as the way we work and live continues to change. What investments are needed in the logistics sphere?] => 隨著我們工作與生活的方式持續改變，電子商務將繼續崛起的趨勢。此時物流產業需要投資些什麼？
[Greater investments needed
This has led to express delivery service providers taking a closer look at the industry's long-term trajectory and bolster their infrastructure to meet its anticipated momentum.
To meet the changing needs in this region, DHL Express is investing close to €690m in infrastructure across key markets.
It also announced placing orders for eight additional new Boeing 777 freighters, to meet customer demand in fast-growing international express shipping markets, with first deliveries of the new aircraft scheduled for 2022.
The aim? To help the company manage future growth in shipment volumes, and address an ever-growing demand for time-definite express deliveries.
Lee believes these plans and investments will ensure that DHL Express remains well-positioned in the long run to keep global trade running, as e-commerce and cross-border trade grow.
He elaborated: “Amongst these includes our €377m expansion of our DHL Central Asia Hub in Hong Kong. We have also invested €80m to build the largest distribution facility in Osaka, Japan and €131m in a gateway facility in Incheon, South Korea.
Investments in Australia include a new service center in Sydney, and plans for new and expanded facilities in Brisbane, Melbourne and Adelaide.”
But that is not all.
“We already have 23 dedicated aircraft serving the region, and invested more than €60m in boosting network coverage. We have plans to introduce more flight routes and increase the frequency for existing flight routes.
DHL Express will continue to modernize its regional and intercontinental air fleet, to maintain a highly efficient and reliable aviation network,” Lee said.] =>
[It is plain as day that e-commerce has been bolstered during Covid-19 by the strong demand for medical devices, such as personal protective equipment from Asia to other regions, as well as a boom in online shopping with shops shuttered during shutdowns.
According to a recently released white paper by DHL Express entitled The Ultimate B2B E-commerce Guide: Tradition is out. Digital is in, the company recorded an increase in B2C e‑commerce in 2020 by approximately 40 percent, compared to 2019.
What is predicted for the future of the B2C sector, has already been visible in the significant consumer e-commerce rise over the last years, with high growth rates during the holiday peak seasons (e.g. Easter, Christmas) and mega shopping days (e. g. Black Friday, Cyber Monday).
However, it is not only B2C e-commerce that has flourished from ongoing digitalization and changing consumer shopping behavior. In 2019, before the pandemic, global sales on B2B e-commerce sites and marketplaces had already increased by 18.2 percent to reach USD 12.2tn (€10.26tn), outpacing the market size of the B2C sector.
Ken Lee, CEO, DHL Express Asia Pacific Excl. China said, “2020 has seen significant shifts in the way we work and live. This has translated into growing demand for capacity and efficiency in logistics as the world migrates online and becomes more connected with increased trade flows.
“DHL Express has experienced a surge in e-commerce shipments across Asia Pacific. And we are expecting peak shipment volumes to maintain an upward trend.”
The white paper also predicts that by 2025, all B2B sales interactions between suppliers and professional buyers will take place in digital channels, and online B2B trade will increase by more than 70 percent by 2027 to USD$20.9tn (€17.58tn), compared to USD$12.2tn in 2019(€10.26tn).
Millennials to the fore
Other factors to consider are the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the pace of digitalization, and the purchasing behavior of technology-savvy millennials, who are now of an age to be both B2C consumers personally, and B2B decision-makers professionally.
Already, millennials account for 73 percent of all professional B2B purchasing decisions, according to the white paper.
As digital natives, their experiences in their daily purchases translate to high expectations when making B2B transactions, pushing companies to invest in digital solutions, such as selling platforms, while offering great growth potential.] => 新冠疫情期間，在醫療設備強勁需求，例如來自亞洲輸往其他地區的個人保護設備，以及封城期間實體店面關閉促使網路購物蓬勃發展的帶動下，電子商務的強勁成長明顯可見。
根據DHL Express最近公布的白皮書《B2B電子商務終極指南：傳統退場、數位正夯》（The Ultimate B2B E-commerce Guide: Tradition is out. Digital is in），相較於2019年，公司2020年B2C電子商務成長將近40%。
B2C部門的未來發展預估，已經顯現在過去幾年消費者電子商務的大幅崛起，以及假期銷售高峰（例如：復活節、耶誕節）與大規模購物節（例如：黑色星期五、網路星期一）的高成長率。
不過，數位化持續發展，加上消費者購物行為的改變，不只讓B2C電子商務受惠。2019年疫情爆發前，B2B電商網站與市集的全球銷售已經成長18.2%，達到12.2兆美元（10.26兆歐元），超越B2C產業的市值。
DHL Express亞太區執行長Ken Lee表示：「我們的工作與生活方式在2020年出現顯著改變。隨著世界轉往線上，增加與貿易流的連結，這已經反映在物流產能與效率的需求成長。DHL Express已經經歷亞太地區電子商務貨運的急遽成長。我們預期貨運量高峰將維持上揚趨勢。」
白皮書也預估，在2025年前，供應商與專業買家之間的所有B2B銷售互動，將在數位通路登場，相較於2019年的12.2兆美元（10.26兆歐元），B2B網路交易將在2027年大增逾70%來到20.9兆美元（17.58兆歐元）。
千禧世代登場
其他考量因素為新冠疫情對數位化速度的以想，以及熟悉科技的千禧世代採購行為。千禧世代現在不但是個人購物的B2C消費者，也是專業領域的B2B決策者。
根據白皮書，千禧世代目前已經占所有專業B2B採購決策的73%。
身為數位原生世代，他們在進行B2B交易時會反映日常購物經驗，推動公司投資數位解決方案（例如銷售平台），同時提供龐大的成長潛力。
[wysiwyg] => wysiwyg
[outbound_box] => outbound_box
[Apply for a DHL Express account] => Apply for a DHL Express account
[Your brand is about to take a big step towards reaching new customers globally. Sign up, and we'll start getting you to where you want to be!] => Your brand is about to take a big step towards reaching new customers globally. Sign up, and we'll start getting you to where you want to be!
[Sign up here] => Sign up here
[Ken Lee on investing to bolster e-commerce growth | Video] => DHL Express亞太區執行長Ken Lee支持電商成長的投資政策
[E-commerce’s trajectory will continue to rise as the way we work and live continues to change. What investments are needed in the logistics sphere? It is plain as day that e-commerce has been bolstered during Covid-19 by the strong demand for medical devices, such as personal protective equipment from Asia to other regions, as well as a boom in online shopping with shops shuttered during shutdowns.
According to a recently released white paper by DHL Express entitled The Ultimate B2B E-commerce Guide: Tradition is out. Digital is in, the company recorded an increase in B2C e‑commerce in 2020 by approximately 40 percent, compared to 2019.
What is predicted for the future of the B2C sector, has already been visible in the significant consumer e-commerce rise over the last years, with high growth rates during the holiday peak seasons (e.g. Easter, Christmas) and mega shopping days (e. g. Black Friday, Cyber Monday).
However, it is not only B2C e-commerce that has flourished from ongoing digitalization and changing consumer shopping behavior. In 2019, before the pandemic, global sales on B2B e-commerce sites and marketplaces had already increased by 18.2 percent to reach USD 12.2tn (€10.26tn), outpacing the market size of the B2C sector.
Ken Lee, CEO, DHL Express Asia Pacific Excl. China said, “2020 has seen significant shifts in the way we work and live. This has translated into growing demand for capacity and efficiency in logistics as the world migrates online and becomes more connected with increased trade flows.
“DHL Express has experienced a surge in e-commerce shipments across Asia Pacific. And we are expecting peak shipment volumes to maintain an upward trend.”
The white paper also predicts that by 2025, all B2B sales interactions between suppliers and professional buyers will take place in digital channels, and online B2B trade will increase by more than 70 percent by 2027 to USD$20.9tn (€17.58tn), compared to USD$12.2tn in 2019(€10.26tn).
Millennials to the fore
Other factors to consider are the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the pace of digitalization, and the purchasing behavior of technology-savvy millennials, who are now of an age to be both B2C consumers personally, and B2B decision-makers professionally.
Already, millennials account for 73 percent of all professional B2B purchasing decisions, according to the white paper.
As digital natives, their experiences in their daily purchases translate to high expectations when making B2B transactions, pushing companies to invest in digital solutions, such as selling platforms, while offering great growth potential.
RELATED ARTICLESApply for a DHL Express accountYour brand is about to take a big step towards reaching new customers globally. Sign up, and we'll start getting you to where you want to be!Greater investments needed
This has led to express delivery service providers taking a closer look at the industry’s long-term trajectory and bolster their infrastructure to meet its anticipated momentum.
To meet the changing needs in this region, DHL Express is investing close to €690m in infrastructure across key markets.
It also announced placing orders for eight additional new Boeing 777 freighters, to meet customer demand in fast-growing international express shipping markets, with first deliveries of the new aircraft scheduled for 2022.
The aim? To help the company manage future growth in shipment volumes, and address an ever-growing demand for time-definite express deliveries.
Lee believes these plans and investments will ensure that DHL Express remains well-positioned in the long run to keep global trade running, as e-commerce and cross-border trade grow.
He elaborated: “Amongst these includes our €377m expansion of our DHL Central Asia Hub in Hong Kong. We have also invested €80m to build the largest distribution facility in Osaka, Japan and €131m in a gateway facility in Incheon, South Korea.
Investments in Australia include a new service center in Sydney, and plans for new and expanded facilities in Brisbane, Melbourne and Adelaide.”
But that is not all.
“We already have 23 dedicated aircraft serving the region, and invested more than €60m in boosting network coverage. We have plans to introduce more flight routes and increase the frequency for existing flight routes.
DHL Express will continue to modernize its regional and intercontinental air fleet, to maintain a highly efficient and reliable aviation network,” Lee said.] =>
Apply for a DHL Express account Your brand is about to take a big step towards reaching new customers globally. Sign up, and we'll start getting you to where you want to be!
[] =>
[ken-lee-on-investing-to-bolster-e-commerce-growth-video] => ken-lee-on-investing-to-bolster-e-commerce-growth-video
[Express shipping thumbnail] => Express shipping thumbnail
[Single Column Image (Normal) - Ken Lee] => Single Column Image (Normal) - Ken Lee
[Article Key Image - Ken Lee] => Article Key Image - Ken Lee
)
[$value] => It is plain as day that e-commerce has been bolstered during Covid-19 by the strong demand for medical devices, such as personal protective equipment from Asia to other regions, as well as a boom in online shopping with shops shuttered during shutdowns.
According to a recently released white paper by DHL Express entitled The Ultimate B2B E-commerce Guide: Tradition is out. Digital is in, the company recorded an increase in B2C e‑commerce in 2020 by approximately 40 percent, compared to 2019.
What is predicted for the future of the B2C sector, has already been visible in the significant consumer e-commerce rise over the last years, with high growth rates during the holiday peak seasons (e.g. Easter, Christmas) and mega shopping days (e. g. Black Friday, Cyber Monday).
However, it is not only B2C e-commerce that has flourished from ongoing digitalization and changing consumer shopping behavior. In 2019, before the pandemic, global sales on B2B e-commerce sites and marketplaces had already increased by 18.2 percent to reach USD 12.2tn (€10.26tn), outpacing the market size of the B2C sector.
Ken Lee, CEO, DHL Express Asia Pacific Excl. China said, “2020 has seen significant shifts in the way we work and live. This has translated into growing demand for capacity and efficiency in logistics as the world migrates online and becomes more connected with increased trade flows.
“DHL Express has experienced a surge in e-commerce shipments across Asia Pacific. And we are expecting peak shipment volumes to maintain an upward trend.”
The white paper also predicts that by 2025, all B2B sales interactions between suppliers and professional buyers will take place in digital channels, and online B2B trade will increase by more than 70 percent by 2027 to USD$20.9tn (€17.58tn), compared to USD$12.2tn in 2019(€10.26tn).
Millennials to the fore
Other factors to consider are the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the pace of digitalization, and the purchasing behavior of technology-savvy millennials, who are now of an age to be both B2C consumers personally, and B2B decision-makers professionally.
Already, millennials account for 73 percent of all professional B2B purchasing decisions, according to the white paper.
As digital natives, their experiences in their daily purchases translate to high expectations when making B2B transactions, pushing companies to invest in digital solutions, such as selling platforms, while offering great growth potential.
)
Array
(
[derick] => Array
(
[[]] =>
[https://www.dhl.com/discover/ship-now?utm_source=Logistics%20of%20Things&utm_medium=web&utm_campaign=Ship%20Now] => https://www.dhl.com/discover/ship-now?utm_source=Logistics%20of%20Things&utm_medium=web&utm_campaign=Ship%20Now
[E-commerce surge and rise of millennials will drive more investments in logistics] => 電子商務激增和千禧世代的崛起將帶來更多的物流投資
[E-commerce’s trajectory will continue to rise as the way we work and live continues to change. What investments are needed in the logistics sphere?] => 隨著我們工作與生活的方式持續改變，電子商務將繼續崛起的趨勢。此時物流產業需要投資些什麼？
[Greater investments needed
This has led to express delivery service providers taking a closer look at the industry's long-term trajectory and bolster their infrastructure to meet its anticipated momentum.
To meet the changing needs in this region, DHL Express is investing close to €690m in infrastructure across key markets.
It also announced placing orders for eight additional new Boeing 777 freighters, to meet customer demand in fast-growing international express shipping markets, with first deliveries of the new aircraft scheduled for 2022.
The aim? To help the company manage future growth in shipment volumes, and address an ever-growing demand for time-definite express deliveries.
Lee believes these plans and investments will ensure that DHL Express remains well-positioned in the long run to keep global trade running, as e-commerce and cross-border trade grow.
He elaborated: “Amongst these includes our €377m expansion of our DHL Central Asia Hub in Hong Kong. We have also invested €80m to build the largest distribution facility in Osaka, Japan and €131m in a gateway facility in Incheon, South Korea.
Investments in Australia include a new service center in Sydney, and plans for new and expanded facilities in Brisbane, Melbourne and Adelaide.”
But that is not all.
“We already have 23 dedicated aircraft serving the region, and invested more than €60m in boosting network coverage. We have plans to introduce more flight routes and increase the frequency for existing flight routes.
DHL Express will continue to modernize its regional and intercontinental air fleet, to maintain a highly efficient and reliable aviation network,” Lee said.] =>
[It is plain as day that e-commerce has been bolstered during Covid-19 by the strong demand for medical devices, such as personal protective equipment from Asia to other regions, as well as a boom in online shopping with shops shuttered during shutdowns.
According to a recently released white paper by DHL Express entitled The Ultimate B2B E-commerce Guide: Tradition is out. Digital is in, the company recorded an increase in B2C e‑commerce in 2020 by approximately 40 percent, compared to 2019.
What is predicted for the future of the B2C sector, has already been visible in the significant consumer e-commerce rise over the last years, with high growth rates during the holiday peak seasons (e.g. Easter, Christmas) and mega shopping days (e. g. Black Friday, Cyber Monday).
However, it is not only B2C e-commerce that has flourished from ongoing digitalization and changing consumer shopping behavior. In 2019, before the pandemic, global sales on B2B e-commerce sites and marketplaces had already increased by 18.2 percent to reach USD 12.2tn (€10.26tn), outpacing the market size of the B2C sector.
Ken Lee, CEO, DHL Express Asia Pacific Excl. China said, “2020 has seen significant shifts in the way we work and live. This has translated into growing demand for capacity and efficiency in logistics as the world migrates online and becomes more connected with increased trade flows.
“DHL Express has experienced a surge in e-commerce shipments across Asia Pacific. And we are expecting peak shipment volumes to maintain an upward trend.”
The white paper also predicts that by 2025, all B2B sales interactions between suppliers and professional buyers will take place in digital channels, and online B2B trade will increase by more than 70 percent by 2027 to USD$20.9tn (€17.58tn), compared to USD$12.2tn in 2019(€10.26tn).
Millennials to the fore
Other factors to consider are the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the pace of digitalization, and the purchasing behavior of technology-savvy millennials, who are now of an age to be both B2C consumers personally, and B2B decision-makers professionally.
Already, millennials account for 73 percent of all professional B2B purchasing decisions, according to the white paper.
As digital natives, their experiences in their daily purchases translate to high expectations when making B2B transactions, pushing companies to invest in digital solutions, such as selling platforms, while offering great growth potential.] => 新冠疫情期間，在醫療設備強勁需求，例如來自亞洲輸往其他地區的個人保護設備，以及封城期間實體店面關閉促使網路購物蓬勃發展的帶動下，電子商務的強勁成長明顯可見。
根據DHL Express最近公布的白皮書《B2B電子商務終極指南：傳統退場、數位正夯》（The Ultimate B2B E-commerce Guide: Tradition is out. Digital is in），相較於2019年，公司2020年B2C電子商務成長將近40%。
B2C部門的未來發展預估，已經顯現在過去幾年消費者電子商務的大幅崛起，以及假期銷售高峰（例如：復活節、耶誕節）與大規模購物節（例如：黑色星期五、網路星期一）的高成長率。
不過，數位化持續發展，加上消費者購物行為的改變，不只讓B2C電子商務受惠。2019年疫情爆發前，B2B電商網站與市集的全球銷售已經成長18.2%，達到12.2兆美元（10.26兆歐元），超越B2C產業的市值。
DHL Express亞太區執行長Ken Lee表示：「我們的工作與生活方式在2020年出現顯著改變。隨著世界轉往線上，增加與貿易流的連結，這已經反映在物流產能與效率的需求成長。DHL Express已經經歷亞太地區電子商務貨運的急遽成長。我們預期貨運量高峰將維持上揚趨勢。」
白皮書也預估，在2025年前，供應商與專業買家之間的所有B2B銷售互動，將在數位通路登場，相較於2019年的12.2兆美元（10.26兆歐元），B2B網路交易將在2027年大增逾70%來到20.9兆美元（17.58兆歐元）。
千禧世代登場
其他考量因素為新冠疫情對數位化速度的以想，以及熟悉科技的千禧世代採購行為。千禧世代現在不但是個人購物的B2C消費者，也是專業領域的B2B決策者。
根據白皮書，千禧世代目前已經占所有專業B2B採購決策的73%。
身為數位原生世代，他們在進行B2B交易時會反映日常購物經驗，推動公司投資數位解決方案（例如銷售平台），同時提供龐大的成長潛力。
[wysiwyg] => wysiwyg
[outbound_box] => outbound_box
[Apply for a DHL Express account] => Apply for a DHL Express account
[Your brand is about to take a big step towards reaching new customers globally. Sign up, and we'll start getting you to where you want to be!] => Your brand is about to take a big step towards reaching new customers globally. Sign up, and we'll start getting you to where you want to be!
[Sign up here] => Sign up here
[Ken Lee on investing to bolster e-commerce growth | Video] => DHL Express亞太區執行長Ken Lee支持電商成長的投資政策
[E-commerce’s trajectory will continue to rise as the way we work and live continues to change. What investments are needed in the logistics sphere? It is plain as day that e-commerce has been bolstered during Covid-19 by the strong demand for medical devices, such as personal protective equipment from Asia to other regions, as well as a boom in online shopping with shops shuttered during shutdowns.
According to a recently released white paper by DHL Express entitled The Ultimate B2B E-commerce Guide: Tradition is out. Digital is in, the company recorded an increase in B2C e‑commerce in 2020 by approximately 40 percent, compared to 2019.
What is predicted for the future of the B2C sector, has already been visible in the significant consumer e-commerce rise over the last years, with high growth rates during the holiday peak seasons (e.g. Easter, Christmas) and mega shopping days (e. g. Black Friday, Cyber Monday).
However, it is not only B2C e-commerce that has flourished from ongoing digitalization and changing consumer shopping behavior. In 2019, before the pandemic, global sales on B2B e-commerce sites and marketplaces had already increased by 18.2 percent to reach USD 12.2tn (€10.26tn), outpacing the market size of the B2C sector.
Ken Lee, CEO, DHL Express Asia Pacific Excl. China said, “2020 has seen significant shifts in the way we work and live. This has translated into growing demand for capacity and efficiency in logistics as the world migrates online and becomes more connected with increased trade flows.
“DHL Express has experienced a surge in e-commerce shipments across Asia Pacific. And we are expecting peak shipment volumes to maintain an upward trend.”
The white paper also predicts that by 2025, all B2B sales interactions between suppliers and professional buyers will take place in digital channels, and online B2B trade will increase by more than 70 percent by 2027 to USD$20.9tn (€17.58tn), compared to USD$12.2tn in 2019(€10.26tn).
Millennials to the fore
Other factors to consider are the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the pace of digitalization, and the purchasing behavior of technology-savvy millennials, who are now of an age to be both B2C consumers personally, and B2B decision-makers professionally.
Already, millennials account for 73 percent of all professional B2B purchasing decisions, according to the white paper.
As digital natives, their experiences in their daily purchases translate to high expectations when making B2B transactions, pushing companies to invest in digital solutions, such as selling platforms, while offering great growth potential.
RELATED ARTICLESApply for a DHL Express accountYour brand is about to take a big step towards reaching new customers globally. Sign up, and we'll start getting you to where you want to be!Greater investments needed
This has led to express delivery service providers taking a closer look at the industry’s long-term trajectory and bolster their infrastructure to meet its anticipated momentum.
To meet the changing needs in this region, DHL Express is investing close to €690m in infrastructure across key markets.
It also announced placing orders for eight additional new Boeing 777 freighters, to meet customer demand in fast-growing international express shipping markets, with first deliveries of the new aircraft scheduled for 2022.
The aim? To help the company manage future growth in shipment volumes, and address an ever-growing demand for time-definite express deliveries.
Lee believes these plans and investments will ensure that DHL Express remains well-positioned in the long run to keep global trade running, as e-commerce and cross-border trade grow.
He elaborated: “Amongst these includes our €377m expansion of our DHL Central Asia Hub in Hong Kong. We have also invested €80m to build the largest distribution facility in Osaka, Japan and €131m in a gateway facility in Incheon, South Korea.
Investments in Australia include a new service center in Sydney, and plans for new and expanded facilities in Brisbane, Melbourne and Adelaide.”
But that is not all.
“We already have 23 dedicated aircraft serving the region, and invested more than €60m in boosting network coverage. We have plans to introduce more flight routes and increase the frequency for existing flight routes.
DHL Express will continue to modernize its regional and intercontinental air fleet, to maintain a highly efficient and reliable aviation network,” Lee said.] =>
Apply for a DHL Express account Your brand is about to take a big step towards reaching new customers globally. Sign up, and we'll start getting you to where you want to be!
[] =>
[ken-lee-on-investing-to-bolster-e-commerce-growth-video] => ken-lee-on-investing-to-bolster-e-commerce-growth-video
[Express shipping thumbnail] => Express shipping thumbnail
[Single Column Image (Normal) - Ken Lee] => Single Column Image (Normal) - Ken Lee
[Article Key Image - Ken Lee] => Article Key Image - Ken Lee
)
[$value] => Greater investments needed
This has led to express delivery service providers taking a closer look at the industry's long-term trajectory and bolster their infrastructure to meet its anticipated momentum.
To meet the changing needs in this region, DHL Express is investing close to €690m in infrastructure across key markets.
It also announced placing orders for eight additional new Boeing 777 freighters, to meet customer demand in fast-growing international express shipping markets, with first deliveries of the new aircraft scheduled for 2022.
The aim? To help the company manage future growth in shipment volumes, and address an ever-growing demand for time-definite express deliveries.
Lee believes these plans and investments will ensure that DHL Express remains well-positioned in the long run to keep global trade running, as e-commerce and cross-border trade grow.
He elaborated: “Amongst these includes our €377m expansion of our DHL Central Asia Hub in Hong Kong. We have also invested €80m to build the largest distribution facility in Osaka, Japan and €131m in a gateway facility in Incheon, South Korea.
Investments in Australia include a new service center in Sydney, and plans for new and expanded facilities in Brisbane, Melbourne and Adelaide.”
But that is not all.
“We already have 23 dedicated aircraft serving the region, and invested more than €60m in boosting network coverage. We have plans to introduce more flight routes and increase the frequency for existing flight routes.
DHL Express will continue to modernize its regional and intercontinental air fleet, to maintain a highly efficient and reliable aviation network,” Lee said.
)
繁體中文（台灣）